Ph.D., History, University of Pennsylvania, 2003
Dissertation: "Settling for the State: Pastoralists and Colonial Rule in Southwestern Panjab, 1840-1900.”
M.A., South Asia Regional Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 1995
Thesis: “Politics of Sikh Historiography, 1700-1995.”
B.A., Honors in Government, College of William and Mary, 1993
Thesis: “Political Instability in the States of India: Four Case Studies.”